Safety is paramount when hauling a loaded trailer. There are several numbers and acronyms to know and remember when loading and/or hauling!
Let's start with defining our terms:
VIN Tag: This tag is typically on the front drivers side of the trailer, either on the body or the frame rail. This tag (mandated by DOT) contains manufacturer info, VIN number, GVWR, GAWR, wheel and tire size, and trailer weight.
Tongue Weight: The amount of total trailer + load weight that is resting on the tongue (or hitch of the towing vehicle). Manufacturers have different ways of calculating this, but a good rule of thumb is 10-15%.
GVWR: Gross Vehicle Weight Rating. This number is the total allowable weight of the trailer AND cargo. This number is calculated by taking the GAWR X Number of Axles + 10-15% (tongue weight).
GAWR: Gross Axle Weight Rating. This number is the total capacity of the Axle (each).
Payload Capacity: The total amount of payload allowable on a trailer. This number is the GVWR minus Trailer Weight.
Let's look at an example to calculate our payload capacity:
According to this VIN Tag, our GVWR is 6,000 LBS. The trailer weight is 1,850 LBS. If you take the GVWR and subtract the trailer weight, you arrive at 4,150 LBS. This is your payload capacity!
Sometimes, the manufacturer will include this information on the Tire Tag as well:
It's always a good idea to ensure your tow vehicle has a towing capacity rated at or above the GVWR of the trailer you're pulling. In the example listed above, your vehicle and hitch must BOTH be rated for 6,000 LBS or more!
On double or triple axle trailers, you might see a GVWR that is higher than the combined GAWR is - here's why: Manufacturers will include a percentage of that GAWR and attribute it to the tongue of the trailer. A common example - a trailer has two 7,000 LB axles, and the GVWR will be 15,400 LBS - This is 7,000 (GAWR) X 2 + 10% = 15,400.
Knowing and memorizing your trailer's weight, GVWR, and payload capacity will help keep you at or below the rated limit of your trailer. This keeps you out of trouble, and maximizes the longevity of your trailer and tow vehicle.
As always, we're here to help if you have any questions! Call us or come on by.
Happy Hauling!
Hoyt's Trailer Center
2613 NW Stina Ct
Topeka, KS 66618
785-235-1086